Tropical cyclone categories are used to classify storms based on their maximum sustained wind speed, the level of damage expected at landfall, and the height of storm surge they can produce. This standardized system helps meteorologists, mariners, and coastal communities quickly understand a cyclone’s intensity and the potential risks it poses. As the category number increases, the storm becomes more powerful, more destructive, and more dangerous to life, property, and maritime operations.

‣Category 1 cyclones have wind speeds of 74–95 mph and typically cause minimal damage. Some roof damage, broken branches, and minor coastal flooding may occur. Storm surges range from 4–5 feet.
‣Category 2 cyclones produce winds of 96–110 mph and cause moderate damage. Trees may be uprooted, windows broken, and power outages are common. Storm surges reach 6–8 feet.
‣Category 3 cyclones are major storms with winds of 111–129 mph. Extensive damage occurs, including structural damage to buildings and serious coastal flooding from 9–12 feet of storm surge.

‣Category 4 cyclones bring extreme conditions, with winds of 130–156 mph. Severe structural damage and dangerous flooding are expected, with storm surges of 13–18 feet.
‣Category 5 cyclones are catastrophic, with winds exceeding 157 mph. They cause widespread destruction, complete building failures, and storm surges of 19 feet or higher.